Student Protests & Exam Leak Crackdown: PM Modi says fast-track courts will deliver swift, stringent punishment for paper-leak culprits as the “Cockroach Janta Party” protests spread; Delhi Metro shuts 16 stations and Delhi High Court agrees to hear a PIL seeking a probe into the Jantar Mantar protest. Rights Watch: Human Rights Watch alleges Delhi police used tear gas and batons and pushed for an end to mobile internet suspensions during the July 20 crackdown. Delhi Court Moves: Delhi HC will hear a plea for an independent probe into police action during Sonam Wangchuk’s protest, while another PIL seeks Centre’s response on HPV vaccination. Rail & Energy: Indian Railways clears a ₹440 crore, 14.52-km third rail line on the South Eastern Freight Corridor; India also plans five small nuclear reactors to be operational by 2033. Solar Industry Stress: New domestic cell sourcing rules are forcing solar manufacturers to idle or cut output due to cell shortages. Mumbai Monsoon Update: Heavy rain boosts Mumbai’s seven-lake water stock to about 69.74% capacity; IMD upgrades alerts (Orange in Mumbai, Red in Palghar). International: India tells the UN Indus Waters Treaty will stay in abeyance unless Pakistan stops cross-border terrorism; US-India trade talks could lead to a deal in 3–4 months.